Geriatric Vestibular Disease (also known as Idiopathic Vestibular Disease and Old Dog Vestibular Disease) is a relatively common condition seen in the older dog. The vestibular system is responsible for balance and coordination, and is primarily centered in the inner ear. Dogs with Geriatric Vestibular Disease typically show an extremely acute onset of difficulty or inability to walk, incoordination, head tilt, and variable eye movements (may be rhythmic side-to-side or circular motions). Some dogs will also have nausea and vomiting.

The cause of this disease still remains a mystery. Some people believe that a disturbance in the flow of fluid within the inner ear is to blame. Others feel that a local inflammation of the nerve supplying the vestibular centre is the cause. Regardless, much research still needs to be done on this common disease.

Surprisingly, there are few medical options for this disease, and most dogs improve without specific treatment. Supportive care in terms of ensuring adequate food and water intake, and assisting dogs outside for elimination is essential. Occasionally, medications to control nausea are prescribed. In severe cases in which animals are unwilling or unable to eat or drink, intravenous fluids are sometimes needed. Most dogs tend to show improvement within 3 to 5 days, with a full recovery in 2 to 3 weeks. Occasionally, some dogs will retain a mild head tilt, but be otherwise normal. Also, despite a full recovery, some dogs may show a recurrence of the disease, possibly with more severe signs.

Unfortunately, there is no definitive test for Geriatric Vestibular Disease. Other diseases can show similar signs, and blood work or X-rays may be needed to rule out these conditions. Inner ear infections commonly produce many of the same signs as Geriatric Vestibular Disease. As well, an underactive thyroid gland may also mimic this disease. A diagnosis of Geriatric Vestibular Disease is often made on the premise of an acute onset of characteristic signs, and rapid improvement. Because these dogs tend to be older, concern often arises regarding other underlying age-related conditions, such as heart, liver or kidney disease, which may complicate recovery.

The sudden nature of the disease and the sometimes severe appearance of the clinical signs can be very stressful to pet owners. Many owners incorrectly call this condition a "stroke" (the term "stroke" implies a blood clot within the brain, and is a very serious and very rare condition in animals). In contrast to a stroke, Geriatric Vestibular Disease carries a favourable prognosis, and most dogs recover with supportive care alone.