A frustrating kind of urinary tract condition has been recognized in cats over the last few years. The term "idiopathic cystitis" refers to an inflammation of the bladder, with an as-yet unknown cause. Affected cats often are young or middle-aged, with an equal prevalence among males and females.

Signs displayed by cats with idiopathic cystitis are typical of many types of urinary tract infections. These cats often urinate small amounts of urine, with or without blood, outside the litter box. The act of urinating may be painful, so the cat may cry while urinating. Owners may note that the cat is grooming the belly and hindquarters more often, and they may resent being picked up. Some cats may have a decreased appetite and begin hiding in odd places around the house.

The term "idiopathic" means that the cause of the condition is still unknown. Some theories exist, but much research still needs to be done. Stress seems to play a role, and interestingly we tend to see more cases at the changes of the seasons. A viral infection may also play a part in the disorder. Some cats show a decrease in the protective layer that is produced on the bladder wall, which may possibly contribute to the disease.

Diagnosing idiopathic cystitis can be difficult. Cats are not only prone to other types of urinary tract infections that show the same signs, but can also show behavioural problems which can lead to urinating outside the litter box. A urinalysis is usually done in the face of any suspected urinary disorder. Cats with idiopathic cystitis typically have a very concentrated urine, with or without blood, and don't show any signs of bacteria or crystals in their urine. Blood work is sometimes done, and is typically normal. X-rays or an ultrasound of the bladder may show thickening of the bladder wall. In some cases, biopsy specimens of the bladder may be taken to aid the diagnosis. Essentially, the diagnosis is made when nothing substantial is found on these diagnostic tests, a so-called diagnosis of exclusion.

Treatment of the disorder is controversial. Currently, the focus is centered around decreasing the concentration of the urine by increasing the cat's water intake. Offering canned food is an ideal way to add water to your cat's diet. Ensuring a constant clean, fresh supply of drinking water, and experimenting with different water bowls may help also (cats don't like their whiskers to touch the edge of the dish). Stress, in the form of changes in routine, environment, food, and litter type, should all be avoided in affected cats. In some cases, drugs may also be prescribed. Success following treatment is variable, but most cats do show improvement with treatment. In rare cases, the inflammation may cause swelling and blockage of the urethra (the tube leading from the bladder for urination), which is a life-threatening emergency. It is important to contact your veterinarian if you suspect any type of urinary tract disease in your cat.
 

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